In this example, we will use the Northwind database from Microsoft. In the database, we have a products table, and we want to analyze this table by suppliers versus product categories. We will place the suppliers on each row, and pivot on categories. So from the table on the left, we generate the pivot-table on the right:

The following code will generate the SQL for a cross-tabulation:

# Query the main "product" table
# Set the rows to CompanyName
# and the columns to the values of Categories
# and define the joins to link to lookup tables 
# "categories" and "suppliers"
#
 include "adodb/pivottable.php";
 $sql = PivotTableSQL(
 	$gDB,                                      # adodb connection
 	'products p ,categories c ,suppliers s',   # tables
	'CompanyName',                             # rows (multiple fields allowed)
	'CategoryName',                            # column to pivot on 
	'p.CategoryID = c.CategoryID and s.SupplierID= p.SupplierID' # joins/where
);

Class Reference

Function parameters with [ ] around them are optional.

If you are using recordset caching, this is the directory to save your recordsets in. Define this before you call any caching functions such as CacheExecute( ). We recommend setting register_globals=off in php.ini if you use this feature for security reasons.

If you are using Unix and apache, you might need to set your cache directory permissions to something similar to the following:

$ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF

Determines whether to right trim CHAR fields (and also VARCHAR for ibase/firebird). Set to true to trim. Default is false. Currently works for oci8po, ibase and firebird drivers. Added in ADOdb 4.01.

$ADODB_LANG

Determines the language used in MetaErrorMsg(). The default is 'en', for English. To find out what languages are supported, see the files in adodb/lang/adodb-$lang.inc.php, where $lang is the supported langauge.

$ADODB_FETCH_MODE

This is a global variable that determines how arrays are retrieved by recordsets. The recordset saves this value on creation (eg. in Execute( ) or SelectLimit( )), and any subsequent changes to $ADODB_FETCH_MODE have no affect on existing recordsets, only on recordsets created in the future.

The following constants are defined:

An example:

	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_NUM;
	$rs1 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	$ADODB_FETCH_MODE = ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC;
	$rs2 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	print_r($rs1->fields); # shows array([0]=>'v0',[1] =>'v1')
	print_r($rs2->fields); # shows array(['col1']=>'v0',['col2'] =>'v1')

As you can see in the above example, both recordsets store and use different fetch modes based on the $ADODB_FETCH_MODE setting when the recordset was created by Execute().

If no fetch mode is predefined, the fetch mode defaults to ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT. The behaviour of this default mode varies from driver to driver, so do not rely on ADODB_FETCH_DEFAULT. For portability, we recommend sticking to ADODB_FETCH_NUM or ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC. Many drivers do not support ADODB_FETCH_BOTH.

SetFetchMode Function

Some programmers prefer to use a more object-oriented solution, where the fetch mode is set by a object function, SetFetchMode. Once this function is called for a connection object, that connection object will ignore the global variable $ADODB_FETCH_MODE and will use the internal fetchMode property exclusively.

	$db->SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_NUM);
	$rs1 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	$db->SetFetchMode(ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC);
	$rs2 = $db->Execute('select * from table');
	print_r($rs1->fields); # shows array([0]=>'v0',[1] =>'v1')
	print_r($rs2->fields); # shows array(['col1']=>'v0',['col2'] =>'v1')

To retrieve the previous fetch mode, you can use check the $db->fetchMode property, or use the return value of SetFetchMode( ).

ADODB_ASSOC_CASE

You can control the associative fetch case for certain drivers which behave differently. For the sybase, oci8po, mssql, odbc and ibase drivers and all drivers derived from them, ADODB_ASSOC_CASE will by default generate recordsets where the field name keys are lower-cased. Use the constant ADODB_ASSOC_CASE to change the case of the keys. There are 3 possible values:

0 = assoc lowercase field names. $rs->fields['orderid']
1 = assoc uppercase field names. $rs->fields['ORDERID']
2 = use native-case field names. $rs->fields['OrderID'] -- this is the default since ADOdb 2.90

To use it, declare it before you incldue adodb.inc.php.

define('ADODB_ASSOC_CASE', 2); # use native-case for ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC
include('adodb.inc.php');

ADOConnection

Object that performs the connection to the database, executes SQL statements and has a set of utility functions for standardising the format of SQL statements for issues such as concatenation and date formats.

ADOConnection Fields

databaseType: Name of the database system we are connecting to. Eg. odbc or mssql or mysql.

dataProvider: The underlying mechanism used to connect to the database. Normally set to native, unless using odbc or ado.

host: Name of server or data source name (DSN) to connect to.

database: Name of the database or to connect to. If ado is used, it will hold the ado data provider.

user: Login id to connect to database. Password is not saved for security reasons.

raiseErrorFn: Allows you to define an error handling function. See adodb-errorhandler.inc.php for an example.

debug: Set to true to make debug statements to appear.

concat_operator: Set to '+' or '||' normally. The operator used to concatenate strings in SQL. Used by the Concat function.

fmtDate: The format used by the DBDate function to send dates to the database. is '#Y-m-d#' for Microsoft Access, and ''Y-m-d'' for MySQL.

fmtTimeStamp: The format used by the DBTimeStamp function to send timestamps to the database.

true: The value used to represent true.Eg. '.T.'. for Foxpro, '1' for Microsoft SQL.

false: The value used to represent false. Eg. '.F.'. for Foxpro, '0' for Microsoft SQL.

replaceQuote: The string used to escape quotes. Eg. double single-quotes for Microsoft SQL, and backslash-quote for MySQL. Used by qstr.

autoCommit: indicates whether automatic commit is enabled. Default is true.

charSet: set the default charset to use. Currently only interbase supports this.

dialect: set the default sql dialect to use. Currently only interbase supports this.

metaTablesSQL: SQL statement to return a list of available tables. Eg. SHOW TABLES in MySQL.

genID: The latest id generated by GenID() if supported by the database.

cacheSecs: The number of seconds to cache recordsets if CacheExecute() or CacheSelectLimit() omit the $secs2cache parameter. Defaults to 60 minutes.

sysDate: String that holds the name of the database function to call to get the current date. Useful for inserts and updates.

sysTimeStamp: String that holds the name of the database function to call to get the current timestamp/datetime value.

leftOuter: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known. Otherwise set to false.

rightOuter: String that holds operator for left outer join, if known. Otherwise set to false.

ansiOuter: Boolean that if true indicates that ANSI style outer joins are permitted. Eg. select * from table1 left join table2 on p1=p2.

connectSID: Boolean that indicates whether to treat the $database parameter in connects as the SID for the oci8 driver. Defaults to false. Useful for Oracle 8.0.5 and earlier.

autoRollback: Persistent connections are auto-rollbacked in PConnect( ) if this is set to true. Default is false.

ADOConnection Main Functions

ADOConnection( )

Constructor function. Do not call this directly. Use ADONewConnection( ) instead.

Connect($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])

Non-persistent connect to data source or server $host, using userid $user and password $password. If the server supports multiple databases, connect to database $database.

Returns true/false depending on connection success. Since 4.23, null is returned if the extension is not loaded.

ADO Note: If you are using a Microsoft ADO and not OLEDB, you can set the $database parameter to the OLEDB data provider you are using.

PostgreSQL: An alternative way of connecting to the database is to pass the standard PostgreSQL connection string in the first parameter $host, and the other parameters will be ignored.

For Oracle and Oci8, there are two ways to connect. First is to use the TNS name defined in your local tnsnames.ora (or ONAMES or HOSTNAMES). Place the name in the $database field, and set the $host field to false. Alternatively, set $host to the server, and $database to the database SID, this bypassed tnsnames.ora.

Examples:

 # $oraname in tnsnames.ora/ONAMES/HOSTNAMES
 $conn->Connect(false, 'scott', 'tiger', $oraname); 
 $conn->Connect('server:1521', 'scott', 'tiger', 'ServiceName'); # bypass tnsnames.ora

There are many examples of connecting to a database. See Connection Examples, php.weblogs.com/ADOdb, and in the testdatabases.inc.php file included in the release.

PConnect($host,[$user],[$password],[$database])

Persistent connect to data source or server $host, using userid $user and password $password. If the server supports multiple databases, connect to database $database.

We now perform a rollback on persistent connection for selected databases since 2.21, as advised in the PHP manual. See change log or source code for which databases are affected.

Returns true/false depending on connection. Since 4.23, null is returned if the extension is not loaded. See Connect( ) above for more info.

Since ADOdb 2.21, we also support autoRollback. If you set:

Execute SQL statement $sql and return derived class of ADORecordSet if successful. Note that a record set is always returned on success, even if we are executing an insert or update statement. You can also pass in $sql a statement prepared in Prepare().

Returns derived class of ADORecordSet. Eg. if connecting via mysql, then ADORecordSet_mysql would be returned. False is returned if there was an error in executing the sql.

The $inputarr parameter can be used for binding variables to parameters. Below is an Oracle example:

 $conn->Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", array('val'=> $val));
 

Another example, using ODBC,which uses the ? convention:

  $conn->Execute("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", array($val));

Variable binding speeds the compilation and caching of SQL statements, leading to higher performance. Currently Oracle, Interbase and ODBC supports variable binding. Interbase/ODBC style ? binding is emulated in databases that do not support binding. Note that you do not have to quote strings if you use binding.

Variable binding in the odbc, interbase and oci8po drivers.

$rs = $db->Execute('select * from table where val=?', array('10'));

$rs = $db->Execute('select name from table where val=:key', 
  array('key' => 10));

Since ADOdb 3.80, we support bulk binding in Execute(), in which you pass in a 2-dimensional array to be bound to an INSERT/UPDATE or DELETE statement.

$arr = array(
	array('Ahmad',32),
	array('Zulkifli', 24),
	array('Rosnah', 21)
	);
$ok = $db->Execute('insert into table (name,age) values (?,?)',$arr);

This provides very high performance as the SQL statement is prepared first. The prepared statement is executed repeatedly for each array row until all rows are completed, or until the first error. Very useful for importing data.

CacheExecute([$secs2cache,]$sql,$inputarr=false)

Similar to Execute, except that the recordset is cached for $secs2cache seconds in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory, and $inputarr only accepts 1-dimensional arrays. If CacheExecute() is called again with the same $sql, $inputarr, and also the same database, same userid, and the cached recordset has not expired, the cached recordset is returned.

  include('adodb.inc.php'); 
  include('tohtml.inc.php');
  $ADODB_CACHE_DIR = '/usr/local/ADOdbcache';
  $conn = &ADONewConnection('mysql'); 
  $conn->PConnect('localhost','userid','password','database');
  $rs = $conn->CacheExecute(15, 'select * from table'); # cache 15 secs
  rs2html($rs); /* recordset to html table */  

Alternatively, since ADOdb 1.80, the $secs2cache parameter is optional:

	$conn->Connect(...);
   	$conn->cacheSecs = 3600*24; // cache 24 hours
	$rs = $conn->CacheExecute('select * from table');

Performance note: I have done some benchmarks and found that they vary so greatly that it's better to talk about when caching is of benefit. When your database server is much slower than your Web server or the database is very overloaded then ADOdb's caching is good because it reduces the load on your database server. If your database server is lightly loaded or much faster than your Web server, then caching could actually reduce performance.

ExecuteCursor($sql,$cursorName='rs',$parameters=false)

Execute an Oracle stored procedure, and returns an Oracle REF cursor variable as a regular ADOdb recordset. Does not work with any other database except oci8. Thanks to Robert Tuttle for the design.

    $db = ADONewConnection("oci8"); 
    $db->Connect("foo.com:1521", "uid", "pwd", "FOO"); 
    $rs = $db->ExecuteCursor("begin :cursorvar := getdata(:param1); end;", 
					'cursorvar',
					array('param1'=>10)); 
    # $rs is now just like any other ADOdb recordset object
    rs2html($rs);

ExecuteCursor() is a helper function that does the following internally:

	$stmt = $db->Prepare("begin :cursorvar := getdata(:param1); end;", true); 
	$db->Parameter($stmt, $cur, 'cursorvar', false, -1, OCI_B_CURSOR);
	$rs = $db->Execute($stmt,$bindarr);

ExecuteCursor only accepts 1 out parameter. So if you have 2 out parameters, use:

	$vv = 'A%';
	$stmt = $db->PrepareSP("BEGIN list_tabs(:crsr,:tt); END;");
	$db->OutParameter($stmt, $cur, 'crsr', -1, OCI_B_CURSOR);
	$db->OutParameter($stmt, $vv, 'tt', 32); # return varchar(32)
	$arr = $db->GetArray($stmt);
	print_r($arr);
	echo " val = $vv"; ## outputs 'TEST'

	TYPE TabType IS REF CURSOR RETURN TAB%ROWTYPE;

	PROCEDURE list_tabs(tabcursor IN OUT TabType,tablenames IN OUT VARCHAR) IS
	BEGIN
		OPEN tabcursor FOR SELECT * FROM TAB WHERE tname LIKE tablenames;
		tablenames := 'TEST';
	END list_tabs;

SelectLimit($sql,$numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)

Returns a recordset if successful. Returns false otherwise. Performs a select statement, simulating PostgreSQL's SELECT statement, LIMIT $numrows OFFSET $offset clause.

In PostgreSQL, SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 will return the first 3 records only. The equivalent is $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',3). This functionality is simulated for databases that do not possess this feature.

And SELECT * FROM TABLE LIMIT 3 OFFSET 2 will return records 3, 4 and 5 (eg. after record 2, return 3 rows). The equivalent in ADOdb is $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',3,2).

Note that this is the opposite of MySQL's LIMIT clause. You can also set $connection->SelectLimit('SELECT * FROM TABLE',-1,10) to get rows 11 to the last row.

The last parameter $inputarr is for databases that support variable binding such as Oracle oci8. This substantially reduces SQL compilation overhead. Below is an Oracle example:

 $conn->SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=:val", 100,-1,array('val'=> $val));
 

The oci8po driver (oracle portable driver) uses the more standard bind variable of ?:

 $conn->SelectLimit("SELECT * FROM TABLE WHERE COND=?", 100,-1,array('val'=> $val));

Ron Wilson reports that SelectLimit does not work with UNIONs.

CacheSelectLimit([$secs2cache,] $sql, $numrows=-1,$offset=-1,$inputarr=false)

Similar to SelectLimit, except that the recordset returned is cached for $secs2cache seconds in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory.

Since 1.80, $secs2cache has been optional, and you can define the caching time in $connection->cacheSecs.

CacheFlush($sql=false,$inputarr=false)

Flush (delete) any cached recordsets for the SQL statement $sql in $ADODB_CACHE_DIR.

If no parameter is passed in, then all adodb_*.cache files are deleted.

If you want to flush all cached recordsets manually, execute the following PHP code (works only under Unix):
  system("rm -f `find ".$ADODB_CACHE_DIR." -name adodb_*.cache`");

For general cleanup of all expired files, you should use crontab on Unix, or at.exe on Windows, and a shell script similar to the following:
#------------------------------------------------------
# This particular example deletes files in the TMPPATH
# directory with the string ".cache" in their name that
# are more than 7 days old.
#------------------------------------------------------
AGED=7
find ${TMPPATH} -mtime +$AGED | grep "\.cache" | xargs rm -f

MetaError($errno=false)

Returns a virtualized error number, based on PEAR DB's error number system. You might need to include adodb-error.inc.php before you call this function. The parameter $errno is the native error number you want to convert. If you do not pass any parameter, MetaError will call ErrorNo() for you and convert it. If the error number cannot be virtualized, MetaError will return -1 (DB_ERROR).

MetaErrorMsg($errno)

Pass the error number returned by MetaError() for the equivalent textual error message.

ErrorMsg()

Returns the last status or error message. The error message is reset after every call to Execute().

This can return a string even if no error occurs. In general you do not need to call this function unless an ADOdb function returns false on an error.

Note: If debug is enabled, the SQL error message is always displayed when the Execute function is called.

ErrorNo()

Returns the last error number. The error number is reset after every call to Execute(). If 0 is returned, no error occurred.

Note that old versions of PHP (pre 4.0.6) do not support error number for ODBC. In general you do not need to call this function unless an ADOdb function returns false on an error.

CreateSequence($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)

Create a sequence. The next time GenID( ) is called, the value returned will be $startID. Added in 2.60.

DropSequenceD($seqName = 'adodbseq')

Delete a sequence. Added in 2.60.

GenID($seqName = 'adodbseq',$startID=1)

Generate a sequence number . Works for interbase, mysql, postgresql, oci8, oci8po, mssql, ODBC based (access,vfp,db2,etc) drivers currently. Uses $seqName as the name of the sequence. GenID() will automatically create the sequence for you if it does not exist (provided the userid has permission to do so). Otherwise you will have to create the sequence yourself.

If your database driver emulates sequences, the name of the table is the sequence name. The table has one column, "id" which should be of type integer, or if you need something larger - numeric(16).

For ODBC and databases that do not support sequences natively (eg mssql, mysql), we create a table for each sequence. If the sequence has not been defined earlier, it is created with the starting value set in $startID.

Note that the mssql driver's GenID() before 1.90 used to generate 16 byte GUID's.

UpdateBlob($table,$column,$val,$where)

Usage:

	# for oracle
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, empty_blob())');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');
	
	# non oracle databases
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO blobtable (id, blobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('blobtable','blobcol',$blobvalue,'id=1');

Returns true if succesful, false otherwise. Supported by MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oci8, Oci8po and Interbase drivers. Other drivers might work, depending on the state of development.

Note that when an Interbase blob is retrieved using SELECT, it still needs to be decoded using $connection->DecodeBlob($blob); to derive the original value in versions of PHP before 4.1.0.

For PostgreSQL, you can store your blob using blob oid's or as a bytea field. You can use bytea fields but not blob oid's currently with UpdateBlob( ). Conversely UpdateBlobFile( ) supports oid's, but not bytea data.

If you do not pass in an oid, then UpdateBlob() assumes that you are storing in bytea fields.

UpdateClob($table,$column,$val,$where)

Usage:

	# for oracle
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, empty_clob())');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');
	
	# non oracle databases
	$conn->Execute('INSERT INTO clobtable (id, clobcol) VALUES (1, null)');
	$conn->UpdateBlob('clobtable','clobcol',$clobvalue,'id=1');

UpdateBlobFile($table,$column,$path,$where,$blobtype='BLOB')

Similar to UpdateBlob, except that we pass in a file path to where the blob resides.

For PostgreSQL, if you are using blob oid's, use this interface. This interface does not support bytea fields.

Returns true if successful, false otherwise.

BlobEncode($blob)

Some databases require blob's to be encoded manually before upload. Note if you use UpdateBlob( ) or UpdateBlobFile( ) the conversion is done automatically for you and you do not have to call this function. For PostgreSQL, currently, BlobEncode() can only be used for bytea fields.

Returns the encoded blob value.

Note that there is a connection property called blobEncodeType which has 3 legal values:

false - no need to perform encoding or decoding.
'I' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a numeric value (no need to quote).
'C' - blob encoding required, and returned encoded blob is a character value (requires quoting).

This is purely for documentation purposes, so that programs that accept multiple database drivers know what is the right thing to do when processing blobs.

Replace($table, $arrFields, $keyCols,$autoQuote=false)

Try to update a record, and if the record is not found, an insert statement is generated and executed. Returns 0 on failure, 1 if update statement worked, 2 if no record was found and the insert was executed successfully. This differs from MySQL's replace which deletes the record and inserts a new record. This also means you cannot update the primary key. The only exception to this is Interbase and its derivitives, which uses delete and insert because of some Interbase API limitations.

The parameters are $table which is the table name, the $keyCols which is an associative array where the keys are the field names, and keyCols is the name of the primary key, or an array of field names if it is a compound key. If $autoQuote is set to true, then Replace() will quote all values that are non-numeric; auto-quoting will not quote nulls. Note that auto-quoting will not work if you use SQL functions or operators.

Examples:

# single field primary key
$ret = $db->Replace('atable', 
	array('id'=>1000,'firstname'=>'Harun','lastname'=>'Al-Rashid'),
	'id',$autoquote = true);	
# generates UPDATE atable SET firstname='Harun',lastname='Al-Rashid' WHERE id=1000
# or INSERT INTO atable (id,firstname,lastname) VALUES (1000,'Harun','Al-Rashid')

# compound key
$ret = $db->Replace('atable2', 
	array('firstname'=>'Harun','lastname'=>'Al-Rashid', 'age' => 33, 'birthday' => 'null'),
	array('lastname','firstname'),
	$autoquote = true);

# no auto-quoting
$ret = $db->Replace('atable2', 
	array('firstname'=>"'Harun'",'lastname'=>"'Al-Rashid'", 'age' => 'null'),
	array('lastname','firstname'));	

GetUpdateSQL(&$rs, $arrFields, $forceUpdate=false,$magicq=false, $forcenulls=false)

Generate SQL to update a table given a recordset $rs, and the modified fields of the array $arrFields (which must be an associative array holding the column names and the new values) are compared with the current recordset. If $forceUpdate is true, then we also generate the SQL even if $arrFields is identical to $rs->fields. Requires the recordset to be associative. $magicq is used to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled (see qstr()). The field names in the array are case-insensitive.

Since 3.61, define('ADODB_FORCE_NULLS',1) and all PHP nulls will be auto-converted to SQL nulls. Since 4.24, we allow you to pass in $forcenulls as a parameter. This overrides the ADODB_FORCE_NULLS constant.

GetInsertSQL(&$rs, $arrFields,$magicq=false,$forcenulls=false)

Generate SQL to insert into a table given a recordset $rs. Requires the query to be associative. $magicq is used to indicate whether magic quotes are enabled (for qstr()). The field names in the array are case-insensitive.

Since 2.42, you can pass a table name instead of a recordset into GetInsertSQL (in $rs), and it will generate an insert statement for that table.

Since 3.61, define('ADODB_FORCE_NULLS',1) and all PHP nulls will be auto-converted to SQL nulls. Since 4.24, we allow you to pass in $forcenulls as a parameter. This overrides the ADODB_FORCE_NULLS constant.

PageExecute($sql, $nrows, $page, $inputarr=false)

Used for pagination of recordset. $page is 1-based. See Example 8.

Close( )

Close the database connection. PHP4 proudly states that we no longer have to clean up at the end of the connection because the reference counting mechanism of PHP4 will automatically clean up for us.

StartTrans( )

Start a monitored transaction. As SQL statements are executed, ADOdb will monitor for SQL errors, and if any are detected, when CompleteTrans() is called, we auto-rollback.

To understand why StartTrans() is superior to BeginTrans(), let us examine a few ways of using BeginTrans(). The following is the wrong way to use transactions:

$DB->BeginTrans();
$DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
$DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CommitTrans();

because you perform no error checking. It is possible to update table1 and for the update on table2 to fail. Here is a better way:

$DB->BeginTrans();
$ok = $DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $ok = $DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $DB->CommitTrans();
else $DB->RollbackTrans();

Another way is (since ADOdb 2.0):

$DB->BeginTrans();
$ok = $DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
if ($ok) $ok = $DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CommitTrans($ok);

Now it is a headache monitoring $ok all over the place. StartTrans() is an improvement because it monitors all SQL errors for you. This is particularly useful if you are calling black-box functions in which SQL queries might be executed. Also all BeginTrans, CommitTrans and RollbackTrans calls inside a StartTrans block will be disabled, so even if the black box function does a commit, it will be ignored.

$DB->StartTrans();
CallBlackBox();
$DB->Execute("update table1 set val=$val1 where id=$id");
$DB->Execute("update table2 set val=$val2 where id=$id");
$DB->CompleteTrans($ok);

Note that a StartTrans blocks are nestable, the inner blocks are ignored.

CompleteTrans($autoComplete=true)

Complete a transaction called with StartTrans(). This function monitors for SQL errors, and will commit if no errors have occured, otherwise it will rollback. Returns true on commit, false on rollback. If the parameter $autoComplete is true monitor sql errors and commit and rollback as appropriate. Set $autoComplete to false to force rollback even if no SQL error detected.

FailTrans( )

Fail a transaction started with StartTrans(). The rollback will only occur when CompleteTrans() is called.

HasFailedTrans( )

Check whether smart transaction has failed, eg. returns true if there was an error in SQL execution or FailTrans() was called. If not within smart transaction, returns false.

BeginTrans( )

Begin a transaction. Turns off autoCommit. Returns true if successful. Some databases will always return false if transaction support is not available. Any open transactions will be rolled back when the connection is closed. Among the databases that support transactions are Oracle, PostgreSQL, Interbase, MSSQL, certain versions of MySQL, DB2, Informix, Sybase, etc.

Note that StartTrans() and CompleteTrans() is a superior method of handling transactions, available since ADOdb 3.40. For a explanation, see the StartTrans() documentation.

You can also use the ADOdb error handler to die and rollback your transactions for you transparently. Some buggy database extensions are known to commit all outstanding tranasactions, so you might want to explicitly do a $DB->RollbackTrans() in your error handler for safety.

Detecting Transactions

Since ADOdb 2.50, you are able to detect when you are inside a transaction. Check that $connection->transCnt > 0. This variable is incremented whenever BeginTrans() is called, and decremented whenever RollbackTrans() or CommitTrans() is called.

CommitTrans($ok=true)

End a transaction successfully. Returns true if successful. If the database does not support transactions, will return true also as data is always committed.

If you pass the parameter $ok=false, the data is rolled back. See example in BeginTrans().

RollbackTrans( )

End a transaction, rollback all changes. Returns true if successful. If the database does not support transactions, will return false as data is never rollbacked.

GetAssoc($sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)

Returns an associative array for the given query $sql with optional bind parameters in $inputarr. If the number of columns returned is greater to two, a 2-dimensional array is returned, with the first column of the recordset becomes the keys to the rest of the rows. If the columns is equal to two, a 1-dimensional array is created, where the the keys directly map to the values (unless $force_array is set to true, when an array is created for each value).

Examples:

CacheGetAssoc([$secs2cache,] $sql,$inputarr=false,$force_array=false,$first2cols=false)

Caching version of GetAssoc function above.

GetOne($sql,$inputarr=false)

Executes the SQL and returns the first field of the first row. The recordset and remaining rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occur, false is returned.

GetRow($sql,$inputarr=false)

Executes the SQL and returns the first row as an array. The recordset and remaining rows are discarded for you automatically. If an error occurs, false is returned.

GetAll($sql)

Similar to above Get* functions, except that the recordset is serialized and cached in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR directory for $secs2cache seconds. Good for speeding up queries on rarely changing data. Note that the $secs2cache parameter is optional. If omitted, we use the value in $connection->cacheSecs (default is 3600 seconds, or 1 hour).

Prepare($sql )

Also see InParameter(), OutParameter() and PrepareSP() below. Only supported internally by interbase, oci8 and selected ODBC-based drivers, otherwise it is emulated. There is no performance advantage to using Prepare() with emulation.

Important: Due to limitations or bugs in PHP, if you are getting errors when you using prepared queries, try setting $ADODB_COUNTRECS = false before preparing. This behaviour has been observed with ODBC.

IfNull($field, $nullReplacementValue)

Portable IFNULL function (NVL in Oracle). Returns a string that represents the function that checks whether a $field is null for the given database, and if null, change the value returned to $nullReplacementValue. Eg.

$sql = 'SELECT '.$db->IfNull('name', "'- unknown -'"). ' FROM table';

length

This is not a function, but a property. Some databases have "length" and others "len" as the function to measure the length of a string. To use this property:

  $sql = "SELECT ".$db->length."(field) from table";
  $rs = $db->Execute($sql);

random

This is not a function, but a property. This is a string that holds the sql to generate a random number between 0.0 and 1.0 inclusive.

substr

This is not a function, but a property. Some databases have "substr" and others "substring" as the function to retrieve a sub-string. To use this property:

  $sql = "SELECT ".$db->substr."(field, $offset, $length) from table";
  $rs = $db->Execute($sql);

For all databases, the 1st parameter of substr is the field, the 2nd is the offset (1-based) to the beginning of the sub-string, and the 3rd is the length of the sub-string.

Param($name)

Generates a bind placeholder portably. For most databases, the bind placeholder is "?". However some databases use named bind parameters such as Oracle, eg ":somevar". This allows us to portably define an SQL statement with bind parameters:

$sql = 'insert into table (col1,col2) values ('.$DB->Param('a').','.$DB->Param('b').')';
# generates 'insert into table (col1,col2) values (?,?)'
# or        'insert into table (col1,col2) values (:a,:b)'
$stmt = $DB->Prepare($sql);
$stmt = $DB->Execute($stmt,array('one','two'));

# For oracle, Prepare and PrepareSP are identical
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP(
	"declare RETVAL integer; 
	begin
	:RETVAL := SP_RUNSOMETHING(:myid,:group);
	end;");
$db->InParameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
$db->InParameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
$db->OutParameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL');
$db->Execute($stmt);

# @RETVAL = SP_RUNSOMETHING @myid,@group
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP('SP_RUNSOMETHING'); 
# note that the parameter name does not have @ in front!
$db->InParameter($stmt,$id,'myid');
$db->InParameter($stmt,$group,'group',64);
# return value in mssql - RETVAL is hard-coded name 
$db->OutParameter($stmt,$ret,'RETVAL');
$db->Execute($stmt); 

Note that the only difference between the oci8 and mssql implementations is $sql.

If $type parameter is set to false, in mssql, $type will be dynamicly determined based on the type of the PHP variable passed (string => SQLCHAR, boolean =>SQLINT1, integer =>SQLINT4 or float/double=>SQLFLT8).

In oci8, $type can be set to OCI_B_FILE (Binary-File), OCI_B_CFILE (Character-File), OCI_B_CLOB (Character-LOB), OCI_B_BLOB (Binary-LOB) and OCI_B_ROWID (ROWID). To pass in a null, use $db->Parameter($stmt, $null=null, 'param').

OutParameter($stmt, $var, $name, $maxLen = 4000, $type = false )

OutParameter() is a wrapper function that calls Parameter() with $isOutput=true. The advantage of this function is that it is self-documenting, because the $isOutput parameter is no longer needed. Only for mssql and oci8 currently.

For an example, see InParameter.

Parameter($stmt, $var, $name, $isOutput=false, $maxLen = 4000, $type = false )

Note: This function is deprecated, because of the new InParameter() and OutParameter() functions. These are superior because they are self-documenting, unlike Parameter().

Adds a bind parameter suitable for return values or special data handling (eg. LOBs) after a statement has been prepared using PrepareSP(). Only for mssql and oci8 currently. The parameters are:

$stmt Statement returned by Prepare() or PrepareSP().
$var PHP variable to bind to. Make sure you pre-initialize it!
$name Name of stored procedure variable name to bind to.
[$isOutput] Indicates direction of parameter 0/false=IN 1=OUT 2= IN/OUT. This is ignored in oci8 as this driver auto-detects the direction.
[$maxLen] Maximum length of the parameter variable.
[$type] Consult mssql_bind and ocibindbyname docs at php.net for more info on legal values for type.

Lastly, in oci8, bind parameters can be reused without calling PrepareSP( ) or Parameters again. This is not possible with mssql. An oci8 example:

$id = 0; $i = 0;
$stmt = $db->PrepareSP( "update table set val=:i where id=:id");
$db->Parameter($stmt,$id,'id');
$db->Parameter($stmt,$i, 'i');
for ($cnt=0; $cnt < 1000; $cnt++) {
	$id = $cnt; 
	$i = $cnt * $cnt; # works with oci8!
	$db->Execute($stmt); 
}

Bind($stmt, $var, $size=4001, $type=false, $name=false)

ADOConnection Utility Functions

BlankRecordSet([$queryid])

No longer available - removed since 1.99.

Concat($s1,$s2,....)

Generates the sql string used to concatenate $s1, $s2, etc together. Uses the string in the concat_operator field to generate the concatenation. Override this function if a concatenation operator is not used, eg. MySQL.

Returns the concatenated string.

DBDate($date)

Format the $date in the format the database accepts. This is used in INSERT/UPDATE statements; for SELECT statements, use SQLDate. The $date parameter can be a Unix integer timestamp or an ISO format Y-m-d. Uses the fmtDate field, which holds the format to use. If null or false or '' is passed in, it will be converted to an SQL null.

Returns the date as a quoted string.

DBTimeStamp($ts)

Format the timestamp $ts in the format the database accepts; this can be a Unix integer timestamp or an ISO format Y-m-d H:i:s. Uses the fmtTimeStamp field, which holds the format to use. If null or false or '' is passed in, it will be converted to an SQL null.

Returns the timestamp as a quoted string.

qstr($s,[$magic_quotes_enabled=false])

Quotes a string to be sent to the database. The $magic_quotes_enabled parameter may look funny, but the idea is if you are quoting a string extracted from a POST/GET variable, then pass get_magic_quotes_gpc() as the second parameter. This will ensure that the variable is not quoted twice, once by qstr and once by the magic_quotes_gpc.

Eg. $s = $db->qstr(HTTP_GET_VARS['name'],get_magic_quotes_gpc());

Returns the quoted string.

Quote($s)

Quotes the string $s, escaping the database specific quote character as appropriate. Formerly checked magic quotes setting, but this was disabled since 3.31 for compatibility with PEAR DB.

Affected_Rows( )

Returns the number of rows affected by a update or delete statement. Returns false if function not supported.

Not supported by interbase/firebird currently.

Insert_ID( )

Returns the last autonumbering ID inserted. Returns false if function not supported.

Only supported by databases that support auto-increment or object id's, such as PostgreSQL, MySQL and MS SQL Server currently. PostgreSQL returns the OID, which can change on a database reload.

RowLock($table,$where)

Lock a table row for the duration of a transaction. For example to lock record $id in table1:

	$DB->StartTrans();
	$DB->RowLock("table1","rowid=$id");
	$DB->Execute($sql1);
	$DB->Execute($sql2);
	$DB->CompleteTrans();

Supported in db2, interbase, informix, mssql, oci8, postgres, sybase.

MetaDatabases()

Returns a list of databases available on the server as an array. You have to connect to the server first. Only available for ODBC, MySQL and ADO.

MetaTables($ttype = false, $showSchema = false, $mask=false)

Returns an array of tables and views for the current database as an array. The array should exclude system catalog tables if possible. To only show tables, use $db->MetaTables('TABLES'). To show only views, use $db->MetaTables('VIEWS'). The $showSchema parameter currently works only for DB2, and when set to true, will add the schema name to the table, eg. "SCHEMA.TABLE".

You can define a mask for matching. For example, setting $mask = 'TMP%' will match all tables that begin with 'TMP'. Currently only mssql, oci8, odbc_mssql and postgres* support $mask.

MetaColumns($table,$toupper=true)

Returns an array of ADOFieldObject's, one field object for every column of $table. A field object is a class instance with (name, type, max_length) defined. Currently Sybase does not recognise date types, and ADO cannot identify the correct data type (so we default to varchar).

The $toupper parameter determines whether we uppercase the table name (required for some databases).

For schema support, pass in the $table parameter, "$schema.$tablename". This is only supported for selected databases.

MetaColumnNames($table,$numericIndex=false)

Returns an array of column names for $table. Since ADOdb 4.22, this is an associative array, with the keys in uppercase. Set $numericIndex=true if you want the old behaviour of numeric indexes (since 4.23).

e.g. array('FIELD1' => 'Field1', 'FIELD2'=>'Field2')

The optional schema or owner can be defined in $owner. If $upper is true, then the table names (array keys) are upper-cased.

ADORecordSet

When an SQL statement successfully is executed by ADOConnection->Execute($sql),an ADORecordSet object is returned. This object contains a virtual cursor so we can move from row to row, functions to obtain information about the columns and column types, and helper functions to deal with formating the results to show to the user.

ADORecordSet Fields

fields: Array containing the current row. This is not associative, but is an indexed array from 0 to columns-1. See also the function Fields, which behaves like an associative array.

dataProvider: The underlying mechanism used to connect to the database. Normally set to native, unless using odbc or ado.

blobSize: Maximum size of a char, string or varchar object before it is treated as a Blob (Blob's should be shown with textarea's). See the MetaType function.

sql: Holds the sql statement used to generate this record set.

canSeek: Set to true if Move( ) function works.

EOF: True if we have scrolled the cursor past the last record.

ADORecordSet Functions

ADORecordSet( )

Constructer. Normally you never call this function yourself.

GetAssoc([$force_array])

Generates an associative array from the recordset. Note that is this function is also available in the connection object. More details can be found there.

This function is available in both ADORecordSet and ADOConnection since 1.91.

OffsetDate($dayFraction, $basedate=false)

Returns a string with the native SQL functions to calculate future and past dates based on $basedate in a portable fashion. If $basedate is not defined, then the current date (at 12 midnight) is used. Returns the SQL string that performs the calculation when passed to Execute().

For example, in Oracle, to find the date and time that is 2.5 days from today, you can use:

# get date one week from now
$fld = $conn->OffsetDate(7); // returns "(trunc(sysdate)+7")

# get date and time that is 60 hours from current date and time
$fld = $conn->OffsetDate(2.5, $conn->sysTimeStamp);	// returns "(sysdate+2.5)"

$conn->Execute("UPDATE TABLE SET dodate=$fld WHERE ID=$id");

This function is available for mysql, mssql, oracle, oci8 and postgresql drivers since 2.13. It might work with other drivers provided they allow performing numeric day arithmetic on dates.

 Y: 4-digit Year
 Q: Quarter (1-4)
 M: Month (Jan-Dec)
 m: Month (01-12)
 d: Day (01-31)
 H: Hour (00-23)
 h: Hour (1-12)
 i: Minute (00-59)
 s: Second (00-60)
 A: AM/PM indicator

 $sqlfn = $db->SQLDate('Y-\QQ','postdate'); # get sql that formats postdate to output 2002-Q1
 $sql = "SELECT $sqlfn,SUM(cogs) FROM table GROUP BY $sqlfn ORDER BY 1 desc";
 

$rs = $db->Execute($sql);
if ($rs) 
	while (!$rs->EOF) {
 		ProcessArray($rs->fields);	
		$rs->MoveNext();
	} 

AbsolutePage($page=-1)

Returns the current page. Requires PageExecute()/CachePageExecute() to be called. See Example 8.

Returns array containing current row, or false if EOF. FetchRow( ) internally moves to the next record after returning the current row.

Warning: Do not mix using FetchRow() with MoveNext().

Usage:

$rs = $db->Execute($sql);
if ($rs)
	while ($arr = $rs->FetchRow()) {
	     # process $arr	
	}

FetchInto(&$array)

Sets $array to the current row. Returns PEAR_Error object if EOF, 1 if ok (DB_OK constant). If PEAR is undefined, false is returned when EOF. FetchInto( ) internally moves to the next record after returning the current row.

FetchRow() is easier to use. See above.

$rs = $db->Execute('execute return_multiple_rs');
$arr1 = $rs->GetArray();
$rs->NextRecordSet();
$arr2 = $rs->GetArray();

$rs = $db->Execute('select firstname,lastname from table');
if ($rs) {
	while ($o = $rs->FetchNextObject()) {
		print "$o->FIRSTNAME, $o->LASTNAME<BR>";
	}
}

Returns the current record as an object. Fields are not upper-cased, unlike FetchObject.

FetchNextObj()

Returns the current record as an object and moves to the next record. If EOF, false is returned. Fields are not upper-cased, unlike FetctNextObject.

Since ADOdb 3.0, MetaType accepts $fieldobj as the first parameter, instead of $nativeDBType.

<?
include('tohtml.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb 
include('adodb.inc.php'); # load code common to ADOdb 
$conn = &ADONewConnection('mysql');   # create a connection 
$conn->PConnect('localhost','userid','','agora');# connect to MySQL, agora db
$sql = 'select CustomerName, CustomerID from customers'; 
$rs   = $conn->Execute($sql); 
rs2html($rs,'border=2 cellpadding=3',array('Customer Name','Customer ID'));
?>

Change Log

4.51 29 July 2004

Added adodb-xmlschema 1.0.2. Thx dan and richard.

Added new adorecordset_ext_* classes. If ADOdb extension installed for mysql, mysqlt and oci8 (but not oci8po), we use the superfast ADOdb extension code for movenext.

Added schema support to mssql and odbc_mssql MetaPrimaryKeys().

Patched MSSQL driver to support PHP NULL and Boolean values while binding the input array parameters in the _query() function. By Stephen Farmer.

Added support for clob's for mssql, UpdateBlob(). Thx to gfran#directa.com.br

Added normalize support for postgresql (true=lowercase table name, or false=case-sensitive table names) to MetaColumns($table, $normalize=true).

PHP5 variant dates in ADO not working. Fixed in adodb-ado.inc.php.

Constant ADODB_FORCE_NULLS was not working properly for many releases (for GetUpdateSQL). Fixed. Also GetUpdateSQL strips off ORDER BY now - thx Elieser Leão.

Perf Monitor for oci8 now dynamically highlights optimizer_* params if too high/low.

Added dsn support to NewADOConnection/ADONewConnection.

Fixed out of page bounds bug in _adodb_pageexecute_all_rows() Thx to "Sergio Strampelli" sergio#rir.it

Speedup of movenext for mysql and oci8 drivers.

Moved debugging code _adodb_debug_execute() to adodb-lib.inc.php.

Fixed postgresql bytea detection bug. See http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=9849.

Fixed ibase datetimestamp typo in PHP5. Thx stefan.

Removed whitespace at end of odbtp drivers.

Added db2 metaprimarykeys fix.

Optimizations to MoveNext() for mysql and oci8. Misc speedups to Get* functions.

4.50 6 July 2004

Bumped it to 4.50 to avoid confusion with PHP 4.3.x series.

Added db2 metatables and metacolumns extensions.

Added alpha PDO driver. Very buggy, only works with odbc.

Tested mysqli. Set poorAffectedRows = true. Cleaned up movenext() and _fetch().

PageExecute does not work properly with php5 (return val not a variable). Reported Dmytro Sychevsky sych#php.com.ua. Fixed.

MetaTables() for mysql, $showschema parameter was not backward compatible with older versions of adodb. Fixed.

Changed mysql GetOne() to work with mysql 3.23 when using with non-select stmts (e.g. SHOW TABLES).

Changed TRIG_ prefix to a variable in datadict-oci8.inc.php. Thx to Luca.Gioppo#csi.it.

New to adodb-time code. We allow you to define your own daylights savings function, adodb_daylight_sv for pre-1970 dates. If the function is defined (somewhere in an include), then you can correct for daylights savings. See http://phplens.com/phpeverywhere/node/view/16#daylightsavings for more info.

New sqlitepo driver. This is because assoc mode does not work like other drivers in sqlite. Namely, when selecting (joining) multiple tables, in assoc mode the table names are included in the assoc keys in the "sqlite" driver. In "sqlitepo" driver, the table names are stripped from the returned column names. When this results in a conflict, the first field get preference. Contributed by Herman Kuiper herman#ozuzo.net

Added $forcenull parameter to GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL. Idea by Marco Aurelio Silva.

More XHTML changes for GetMenu. By Jeremy Evans.

Fixes some ibase date issues. Thx to stefan bogdan.

Improvements to mysqli driver to support $ADODB_COUNTRECS.

Fixed adodb-csvlib.inc.php problem when reading stream from socket. We need to poll stream continiously.

4.23 16 June 2004

New interbase/firebird fixes thx to Lester Caine. Driver fixes a problem with getting field names in the result array, and corrects a couple of data conversions. Also we default to dialect3 for firebird. Also ibase sysDate property was wrong. Changed to cast as timestamp.

The datadict driver is set up to give quoted tables and fields as this was the only way round reserved words being used as field names in TikiWiki. TikiPro is tidying that up, and I hope to be able to produce a build of THAT which uses what I consider proper UPPERCASE field and table names. The conversion of TikiWiki to ADOdb helped in that, but until the database is completely tidied up in TikiPro ...

Modified _gencachename() to include fetchmode in name hash. This means you should clear your cache directory after installing this release as the cache name algorithm has changed.

Now Cache* functions work in safe mode, because we do not create sub-directories in the $ADODB_CACHE_DIR in safe mode. In non-safe mode we still create sub-directories. Done by modifying _gencachename().

Added $gmt parameter (true/false) to UserDate and UserTimeStamp in connection class, to force conversion of input (in local time) to be converted to UTC/GMT.

Mssql datadict did not support INT types properly (no size param allowed). Added _GetSize() to datadict-mssql.inc.php.

For borland_ibase, BeginTrans(), changed:

   $this->_transactionID = $this->_connectionID;

   $this->_transactionID = ibase_trans($this->ibasetrans, $this->_connectionID);

Fixed typo in mysqi_field_seek(). Thx to Sh4dow (sh4dow#php.pl).

LogSQL did not work with Firebird/Interbase. Fixed.

Postgres: made errorno() handling more consistent. Thx to Michael Jahn, Michael.Jahn#mailbox.tu-dresden.de.

Added informix patch to better support metatables, metacolumns by "Cecilio Albero" c-albero#eos-i.com

Cyril Malevanov contributed patch to oci8 to support passing of LOB parameters:

	$text = 'test test test';
	$sql = "declare rs clob; begin :rs := lobinout(:sa0); end;";
	$stmt = $conn -> PrepareSP($sql);
	$conn -> InParameter($stmt,$text,'sa0', -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
	$rs = '';
	$conn -> OutParameter($stmt,$rs,'rs', -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
	$conn -> Execute($stmt);
	echo "return = ".$rs."<br>";

 - use OCINewDescriptor before binding
 - if Param is IN, uses save() before each execute. This is done automatically for you.
 - if Param is OUT, uses load() after each execute. This is done automatically for you.
 - when we bind $var as LOB, we create new descriptor and return it as a
   Bind Result, so if we want to use OUT parameters, we have to store
   somewhere &$var to load() data from LOB to it.
 - IN OUT params are not working now (should not be a big problem to fix it)
 - now mass binding not working too (I've wrote about it before)

Simplified Connect() and PConnect() error handling.

When extension not loaded, Connect() and PConnect() will return null. On connect error, the fns will return false.

CacheGetArray() added to code.

Added Init() to adorecordset_empty().

Changed postgres64 driver, MetaColumns() to not strip off quotes in default value if :: detected (type-casting of default).

Added test: if (!defined('ADODB_DIR')) die(). Useful to prevent hackers from detecting file paths.

Changed metaTablesSQL to ignore Postgres 7.4 information schemas (sql_*).

New polish language file by Grzegorz Pacan

Added support for UNION in _adodb_getcount().

Added security check for ADODB_DIR to limit path disclosure issues. Requested by postnuke team.

Added better error message support to oracle driver. Thx to Gaetano Giunta.

Added showSchema support to mysql.

Bind in oci8 did not handle $name=false properly. Fixed.

If extension not loaded, Connect(), PConnect(), NConnect() will return null.

4.22 15 Apr 2004

Moved docs to own adodb/docs folder.

Fixed session bug when quoting compressed/encrypted data in Replace().

Netezza Driver and LDAP drivers contributed by Josh Eldridge.

GetMenu now uses rtrim() on values instead of trim().

Changed MetaColumnNames to return an associative array, keys being the field names in uppercase.

Suggested fix to adodb-ado.inc.php affected_rows to support PHP5 variants. Thx to Alexios Fakos.

Contributed bulgarian language file by Valentin Sheiretsky valio#valio.eu.org.

Contributed romanian language file by stefan bogdan.

GetInsertSQL now checks for table name (string) in $rs, and will create a recordset for that table automatically. Contributed by Walt Boring. Also added OCI_B_BLOB in bind on Walt's request - hope it doesn't break anything :-)

Some minor postgres speedups in _initrs().

ChangeTableSQL checks now if MetaColumns returns empty. Thx Jason Judge.

Added ADOConnection::Time(), returns current database time in unix timestamp format, or false.

4.21 20 Mar 2004

We no longer in SelectLimit for VFP driver add SELECT TOP X unless an ORDER BY exists.

Pim Koeman contributed dutch language file adodb-nl.inc.php.

Rick Hickerson added CLOB support to db2 datadict.

Added odbtp driver. Thx to "stefan bogdan" sbogdan#rsb.ro.

Changed PrepareSP() 2nd parameter, $cursor, to default to true (formerly false). Fixes oci8 backward compat problems with OUT params.

Fixed month calculation error in adodb-time.inc.php. 2102-June-01 appeared as 2102-May-32.

Updated PHP5 RC1 iterator support. API changed, hasMore() renamed to valid().

Changed internal format of serialized cache recordsets. As we store a version number, this should be backward compatible.

Error handling when driver file not found was flawed in ADOLoadCode(). Fixed.

4.20 27 Feb 2004

Updated to AXMLS 1.01.

MetaForeignKeys for postgres7 modified by Edward Jaramilla, works on pg 7.4.

Now numbers accepts function calls or sequences for GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL numeric fields.

Changed quotes of 'delete from $perf_table' to "". Thx Kehui (webmaster#kehui.net)

Added ServerInfo() for ifx, and putenv trim fix. Thx Fernando Ortiz.

Added addq(), which is analogous to addslashes().

Tested with php5b4. Fix some php5 compat problems with exceptions and sybase.

Carl-Christian Salvesen added patch to mssql _query to support binds greater than 4000 chars.

Mike suggested patch to PHP5 exception handler. $errno must be numeric.

Added double quotes (") to ADODB_TABLE_REGEX.

For oci8, Prepare(...,$cursor), $cursor's meaning was accidentally inverted in 4.11. This causes problems with ExecuteCursor() too, which calls Prepare() internally. Thx to William Lovaton.

Now dateHasTime property in connection object renamed to datetime for consistency. This could break bc.

Csongor Halmai reports that db2 SelectLimit with input array is not working. Fixed..

4.11 27 Jan 2004

Csongor Halmai reports db2 binding not working. Reverted back to emulated binding.

Dan Cech modifies datadict code. Adds support for DropIndex. Minor cleanups.

Table misspelt in perf-oci8.inc.php. Changed v$conn_cache_advice to v$db_cache_advice. Reported by Steve W.

UserTimeStamp and DBTimeStamp did not handle YYYYMMDDHHMMSS format properly. Reported by Mike Muir. Fixed.

Changed oci8 Prepare(). Does not auto-allocate OCINewCursor automatically, unless 2nd param is set to true. This will break backward compat, if Prepare/Execute is used instead of ExecuteCursor. Reported by Chris Jones.

Added InParameter() and OutParameter(). Wrapper functions to Parameter(), but nicer because they are self-documenting.

Added 'R' handling in ActualType() to datadict-mysql.inc.php

Added ADOConnection::SerializableRS($rs). Returns a recordset that can be serialized in a session.

Added "Run SQL" to performance UI().

Misc spelling corrections in adodb-mysqli.inc.php, adodb-oci8.inc.php and datadict-oci8.inc.php, from Heinz Hombergs.

MetaIndexes() for ibase contributed by Heinz Hombergs.

4.10 12 Jan 2004

Dan Cech contributed extensive changes to data dictionary to support name quoting (with `), and drop table/index.

Informix added cursorType property. Default remains IFX_SCROLL, but you can change to 0 (non-scrollable cursor) for performance.

Added ADODB_View_PrimaryKeys() for returning view primary keys to MetaPrimaryKeys().

Simplified chinese file, adodb-cn.inc.php from cysoft.

Added check for ctype_alnum in adodb-datadict.inc.php. Thx to Jason Judge.

Added connection parameter to ibase Prepare(). Fix by Daniel Hassan.

Added nameQuote for quoting identifiers and names to connection obj. Requested by Jason Judge. Also the data dictionary parser now detects `field name` and generates column names with spaces correctly.

BOOL type not recognised correctly as L. Fixed.

Fixed paths in ADODB_DIR for session files, and back-ported it to 4.05 (15 Dec 2003)

Added Schema to postgresql MetaTables. Thx to col#gear.hu

Empty postgresql recordsets that had blob fields did not set EOF properly. Fixed.

CacheSelectLimit internal parameters to SelectLimit were wrong. Thx to Nio.

Modified adodb_pr() and adodb_backtrace() to support command-line usage (eg. no html).

Fixed some fr and it lang errors. Thx to Gaetano G.

Added contrib directory, with adodb rs to xmlrpc convertor by Gaetano G.

Fixed array recordset bugs when _skiprow1 is true. Thx to Gaetano G.

Fixed pivot table code when count is false.

4.05 13 Dec 2003

Added MetaIndexes - thx to Dan Cech.

Rewritten session code by Ross Smith. Moved code to adodb/session directory.

Added function exists check on connecting to most drivers, so we don't crash with the unknown function error.

Smart Transactions failed with GenID() when it no seq table has been created because the sql statement fails. Fix by Mark Newnham.

Added $db->length, which holds name of function that returns strlen.

Fixed error handling for bad driver in ADONewConnection - passed too few params to error-handler.

Datadict did not handle types like 16.0 properly in _GetSize. Fixed.

Oci8 driver SelectLimit() bug &= instead of =& used. Thx to Swen Thümmler.

Jesse Mullan suggested not flushing outp when output buffering enabled. Due to Apache 2.0 bug. Added.

MetaTables/MetaColumns return ref bug with PHP5 fixed in adodb-datadict.inc.php.

New mysqli driver contributed by Arjen de Rijke. Based on adodb 3.40 driver. Then jlim added BeginTrans, CommitTrans, RollbackTrans, IfNull, SQLDate. Also fixed return ref bug.

$ADODB_FLUSH added, if true then force flush in debugging outp. Default is false. In earlier versions, outp defaulted to flush, which is not compat with apache 2.0.

Mysql driver's GenID() function did not work when when sql logging is on. Fixed.

$ADODB_SESSION_TBL not declared as global var. Not available if adodb-session.inc.php included in function. Fixed.

The input array not passed to Execute() in _adodb_getcount(). Fixed.

4.04 13 Nov 2003

Switched back to foreach - faster than list-each.

Fixed bug in ado driver - wiping out $this->fields with date fields.

Performance Monitor, View SQL, Explain Plan did not work if strlen($SQL)>max($_GET length). Fixed.

Performance monitor, oci8 driver added memory sort ratio.

Added random property, returns SQL to generate a floating point number between 0 and 1;

4.03 6 Nov 2003

The path to adodb-php4.inc.php and adodb-iterators.inc.php was not setup properly.

Patched SQLDate in interbase to support hours/mins/secs. Thx to ari kuorikoski.

Force autorollback for pgsql persistent connections - apparently pgsql did not autorollback properly before 4.3.4. See http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=25404

4.02 5 Nov 2003

Some errors in adodb_error_pg() fixed. Thx to Styve.

Spurious Insert_ID() error was generated by LogSQL(). Fixed.

Insert_ID was interfering with Affected_Rows() and Replace() when LogSQL() enabled. Fixed.

More foreach loops optimized with list/each.

Null dates not handled properly in ADO driver (it becomes 31 Dec 1969!).

Heinz Hombergs contributed patches for mysql MetaColumns - adding scale, made interbase MetaColumns work with firebird/interbase, and added lang/adodb-de.inc.php.

Added INFORMIXSERVER environment variable.

Added $ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF for interbase/firebird.

PHP 5 beta 2 compat check. Foreach (Iterator) support. Exceptions support.

4.01 23 Oct 2003

Fixed bug in rs2html(), tohtml.inc.php, that generated blank table cells.

Fixed insert_id() incorrectly generated when logsql() enabled.

Modified PostgreSQL _fixblobs to use list/each instead of foreach.

Informix ErrorNo() implemented correctly.

Modified several places to use list/each, including GetRowAssoc().

Added UserTimeStamp() to connection class.

Added $ADODB_ANSI_PADDING_OFF for oci8po.

4.00 20 Oct 2003

Upgraded adodb-xmlschema to 1 Oct 2003 snapshot.

Fix to rs2html warning message. Thx to Filo.

Fix for odbc_mssql/mssql SQLDate(), hours was wrong.

Added MetaColumns and MetaPrimaryKeys for sybase. Thx to Chris Phillipson.

Added autoquoting to datadict for MySQL and PostgreSQL. Suggestion by Karsten Dambekalns

3.94 11 Oct 2003

Create trigger in datadict-oci8.inc.php did not work, because all cr/lf's must be removed.

ErrorMsg()/ErrorNo() did not work for many databases when logging enabled. Fixed.

Removed global variable $ADODB_LOGSQL as it does not work properly with multiple connections.

Added SQLDate support for sybase. Thx to Chris Phillipson

Postgresql checking of pgsql resultset resource was incorrect. Fix by Bharat Mediratta bharat#menalto.com. Same patch applied to _insertid and _affectedrows for adodb-postgres64.inc.php.

Added support for NConnect for postgresql.

Added Sybase data dict support. Thx to Chris Phillipson

Extensive improvements in $perf->UI(), eg. Explain now opens in new window, we show scripts which call sql, etc.

Perf Monitor UI works with magic quotes enabled.

rsPrefix was declared twice. Removed.

Oci8 stored procedure support, eg. "begin func(); end;" was incorrect in _query. Fixed.

Tiraboschi Massimiliano contributed italian language file.

Fernando Ortiz, fortiz#lacorona.com.mx, contributed informix performance monitor.

Added _varchar (varchar arrays) support for postgresql. Reported by PREVOT Stéphane.

3.92 22 Sept 2003

Added GetAssoc and CacheGetAssoc to connection object.

Removed TextMax and CharMax functions from adodb.inc.php.

HasFailedTrans() returned false when trans failed. Fixed.

Moved perf driver classes into adodb/perf/*.php.

Misc improvements to performance monitoring, including UI().

RETVAL in mssql Parameter(), we do not append @ now.

Added Param($name) to connection class, returns '?' or ":$name", for defining bind parameters portably.

LogSQL traps affected_rows() and saves its value properly now. Also fixed oci8 _stmt and _affectedrows() bugs.

Session code timestamp check for oci8 works now. Formerly default NLS_DATE_FORMAT stripped off time portion. Thx to Tony Blair (tonanbarbarian#hotmail.com). Also added new $conn->datetime field to oci8, controls whether MetaType() returns 'D' ($this->datetime==false) or 'T' ($this->datetime == true) for DATE type.

Fixed bugs in adodb-cryptsession.inc.php and adodb-session-clob.inc.php.

Fixed misc bugs in adodb_key_exists, GetInsertSQL() and GetUpdateSQL().

Tuned include_once handling to reduce file-system checking overhead.

3.91 9 Sept 2003

Only released to InterAkt

Added LogSQL() for sql logging and $ADODB_NEWCONNECTION to override factory for driver instantiation.

Added IfNull($field,$ifNull) function, thx to johnwilk#juno.com

Added portable substr support.

Now rs2html() has new parameter, $echo. Set to false to return $html instead of echoing it.

3.90 5 Sept 2003

First beta of performance monitoring released.

MySQL supports MetaTable() masking.

Fixed key_exists() bug in adodb-lib.inc.php

Added sp_executesql Prepare() support to mssql.

Added bind support to db2.

Added swedish language file - Christian Tiberg" christian#commsoft.nu

Bug in drop index for mssql data dict fixed. Thx to Gert-Rainer Bitterlich.

Left join setting for oci8 was wrong. Thx to johnwilk#juno.com

3.80 27 Aug 2003

Patch for PHP 4.3.3 cached recordset csv2rs() fread loop incompatibility.

Added matching mask for MetaTables. Only for oci8, mssql and postgres currently.

Rewrite of "oracle" driver connection code, merging with "oci8", by Gaetano.

Added better debugging for Smart Transactions.

Postgres DBTimeStamp() was wrongly using TO_DATE. Changed to TO_TIMESTAMP.

ADODB_FETCH_CASE check pushed to ADONewConnection to allow people to define it after including adodb.inc.php.

Added portugese (brazilian) to languages. Thx to "Levi Fukumori".

Removed arg3 parameter from Execute/SelectLimit/Cache* functions.

Execute() now accepts 2-d array as $inputarray. Also changed docs of fnExecute() to note change in sql query counting with 2-d arrays.

Added MONEY to MetaType in PostgreSQL.

Added more debugging output to CacheFlush().

3.72 9 Aug 2003

Added qmagic($str), which is a qstr($str) that auto-checks for magic quotes and does the right thing...

Fixed CacheFlush() bug - Thx to martin#gmx.de

Walt Boring contributed MetaForeignKeys for postgres7.

_fetch() called _BlobDecode() wrongly in interbase. Fixed.

adodb_time bug fixed with dates after 2038 fixed by Jason Pell. http://phplens.com/lens/lensforum/msgs.php?id=6980

3.71 4 Aug 2003

The oci8 driver, MetaPrimaryKeys() did not check the owner correctly when $owner == false.

Russian language file contributed by "Cyrill Malevanov" cyrill#malevanov.spb.ru.

Spanish language file contributed by "Horacio Degiorgi" horaciod#codigophp.com.

Error handling in oci8 bugfix - if there was an error in Execute(), then when calling ErrorNo() and/or ErrorMsg(), the 1st call would return the error, but the 2nd call would return no error.

Error handling in odbc bugfix. ODBC would always return the last error, even if it happened 5 queries ago. Now we reset the errormsg to '' and errorno to 0 everytime before CacheExecute() and Execute().

3.70 29 July 2003

Added new SQLite driver. Tested on PHP 4.3 and PHP 5.

Added limited "sapdb" driver support - mainly date support.

The oci8 driver did not identify NUMBER with no defined precision correctly.

Added ADODB_FORCE_NULLS, if set, then PHP nulls are converted to SQL nulls in GetInsertSQL/GetUpdateSQL.

DBDate() and DBTimeStamp() format for postgresql had problems. Fixed.

Added tableoptions to ChangeTableSQL(). Thx to Mike Benoit.

Added charset support to postgresql. Thx to Julian Tarkhanov.

Changed OS check for MS-Windows to prevent confusion with darWIN (MacOS)

Timestamp format for db2 was wrong. Changed to yyyy-mm-dd-hh.mm.ss.nnnnnn.

adodb-cryptsession.php includes wrong. Fixed.

Added MetaForeignKeys(). Supported by mssql, odbc_mssql and oci8.

Fixed some oci8 MetaColumns/MetaPrimaryKeys bugs. Thx to Walt Boring.

adodb_getcount() did not init qryRecs to 0. Missing "WHERE" clause checking in GetUpdateSQL fixed. Thx to Sebastiaan van Stijn.

Added support for only 'VIEWS' and "TABLES" in MetaTables. From Walt Boring.

Upgraded to adodb-xmlschema.inc.php 0.0.2.

NConnect for mysql now returns value. Thx to Dennis Verspuij.

ADODB_FETCH_BOTH support added to interbase/firebird.

Czech language file contributed by Kamil Jakubovic jake#host.sk.

PostgreSQL BlobDecode did not use _connectionID properly. Thx to Juraj Chlebec.

Added some new initialization stuff for Informix. Thx to "Andrea Pinnisi" pinnisi#sysnet.it

ADODB_ASSOC_CASE constant wrong in sybase _fetch(). Fixed.

3.60 16 June 2003

We now SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF for odbc_mssql driver to be compat with mssql driver.

The property $emptyDate missing from connection class. Also changed 1903 to constant (TIMESTAMP_FIRST_YEAR=100). Thx to Sebastiaan van Stijn.

ADOdb speedup optimization - we now return all arrays by reference.

Now DBDate() and DBTimeStamp() now accepts the string 'null' as a parameter. Suggested by vincent.

Added GetArray() to connection class.

Added not_null check in informix metacolumns().

Connection parameters for postgresql did not work correctly when port was defined.

DB2 is now a tested driver, making adodb 100% compatible. Extensive changes to odbc driver for DB2, including implementing serverinfo() and SQLDate(), switching to SQL_CUR_USE_ODBC as the cursor mode, and lastAffectedRows and SelectLimit() fixes.

The odbc driver's FetchField() field names did not obey ADODB_ASSOC_CASE. Fixed.

Some bugs in adodb_backtrace() fixed.

Added "INT IDENTITY" type to adorecordset::MetaType() to support odbc_mssql properly.

MetaColumns() for oci8, mssql, odbc revised to support scale. Also minor revisions to odbc MetaColumns() for vfp and db2 compat.

Added unsigned support to mysql datadict class. Thx to iamsure.

Infinite loop in mssql MoveNext() fixed when ADODB_FETCH_ASSOC used. Thx to Josh R, Night_Wulfe#hotmail.com.

ChangeTableSQL contributed by Florian Buzin.

The odbc_mssql driver now sets CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL OFF for compat with mssql driver.

0.10 Sept 9 2000 First release

Old changelog history moved to old-changelog.htm.